BCG

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The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is primarily used to protect against severe forms of childhood tuberculosis (TB), such as meningitis and disseminated TB. It is typically given as a single dose to infants as soon as possible after birth in countries with a high incidence of TB. The injection site, usually the left upper arm, will develop a sore that heals into a small scar, indicating the vaccine has been administered correctly. Read more

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The BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is primarily used to protect against severe forms of childhood tuberculosis (TB), such as meningitis and disseminated TBIt is typically given as a single dose to infants as soon as possible after birth in countries with a high incidence of TB. The injection site, usually the left upper arm, will develop a sore that heals into a small scar, indicating the vaccine has been administered correctly.  
What it is and how it works
  • The BCG vaccine was developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin and has been used on humans since 1921. 
  • It provides protection against serious forms of TB in children, although its effectiveness against adult pulmonary TB is limited. 
  • It is considered one of the most widely used vaccines globally. 
Administration and schedule
  • The BCG vaccine is a single-dose injection. 
  • In many regions, it is recommended for healthy babies to receive the vaccine as soon after birth as possible. 
  • The injection is typically given in the outer part of the left forearm. 
Side effects and what to expect
  • A small blister will appear immediately after the injection. 
  • Within a few weeks, a small, sometimes sore, spot will appear at the injection site. 
  • This sore will gradually heal and may leave a small, distinctive scar. 
  • A dry dressing can be used if the sore becomes moist and needs covering, but a plaster should be avoided. 
  • Most side effects are mild, but it's important to see a doctor if you are worried or think the sore has become infected. 
Who should not receive the vaccine
  • The vaccine is generally not recommended for individuals with a compromised immune system, such as those with HIV.
  • However, in areas where TB is highly endemic, the vaccine may be given even if the infant's HIV status is unknown, provided they are closely monitored for any complications.
  • The vaccine's effectiveness is less certain for infants over 12 months old, and it should not be given to them. 
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